Audio tour XIX century

XIX th century is turning point in the field of urban problems in Europe. Then important positive changes happened. Large cities received central plumbing systems, central sewer systems, many street urinals. Waste separation was introduced. It’s time of important plumbing inventions.

The masters from Great Britain made most noticeable contribution to the improve of plumbing equipment.

To the middle of XIX th century United Kingdom was world leader in an industry, in a trade. It had the half of world coal mining, of world production of cast iron, of cotton fabrics. Then the primacy moved on to USA.

In XIX th century earthen toilet started to spread in Great Britain. It’s believed that English priest Henry Moule invented it. There’s a reservoir with dry earth and ash in a rear of construction. Dry earth was prepared in a stove. Such observation came to us: “…material better absorbed the smells, at the same time it’s more cheap and more available for all stratums of society, one can save significant funds in such big institutions as the hospitals, the workhouses, the schools, the prisons, the almshouses producing valuable fertilizer”.

During the epidemic of cholera in 1848 more than fifty thousand inhabitants of Great Britain died. After this the decision to install the water closets in all houses in the cities was made. The Museum of toilet’s history got metal water closet from 19th century.

In 1852 British inventor George Jennings created a bowl with a valve which was opened during a flush under a weight of water only.

British plumber Thomas Crapper is very notable person in the field of popularization of plumbing equipment in Great Britain of 19th century. In 1861 Crapper founded the company which produced, sold and installed the plumbing. That year he received the patent for a water closet with drain tank. He lifted drain tank to a ceiling to strengthen water pressure, invented float valve to save water. He made a pipe with water trap between a restroom and a sewage.

The company of Thomas Crapper gained popularity for a fulfillment of the orders of royal family in particular. The masters of this company worked in Great Britain and outside.

In 1870 Thomas Crapper opened first plumbing salon in the world in Chelsea, the suburb of London. Relevant items were demonstrated in the shop windows. It was notable step in the field of popularization of the plumbing.

Flush toilet cost much, because several masters made it, for example, a caster and a potter. It became most available due to the invention by Thomas William Twyford, the founder of British company which made the plumbing. Twyford improved water closet for several years. In 1883 he demonstrated his invention. It was monolithic ceramic combination (before a bowl was metal). A bowl and siphon tube are combined in this construction. Twyford presented the invention to the queen of United Kingdom. The company “Twyford” is official supplier of royal court.

XIX th century gave a lot of useful things in the field of urban problems, of the plumbing